Rats

Behavior

• Rats are social and should be kept in pairs or small groups.  A single rat may become lonely and develop behavioral problems.
• Fighting rarely occurs among adults.
• Are most active at night, hence their suitability for people who work all day.
• They are gentile and will usually only bite when in pain or very fearful.
• Rats are easily startled and should be awakened before being picking up.
• Wash hands after touching carnivores to reduce the chances of getting bitten.
• Spend time with your rats. The more attention you give, the more bonded, active, healthy, and friendly your rat will be.

Diet

• Rats are omnivorous and feed primarily at night.
• They are cautious feeders and may avoid new foods.  Diet changes must be made very gradually.
• Diet should primarily consist of commercial rodent “block” or “chow”.
• Fresh fruits and vegetables are provided in moderation.
• Only limited amounts seeds, raisins, etc. should be provided as treats.
• Studies indicate that rats live longer if fat and protein are somewhat restricted.
• Because rats are nocturnal, the cage should be located where it is fairly quiet during the day, but still near the social activity in the home. A dimly lit environment is preferred.
• The cage should provide enough room for movement and exercise.  A large, multi-level cage is preferred.
• A wire cage with a solid metal or plastic bottom is ideal; it provides more ventilation than a glass enclosure, which helps prevent respiratory infections.
• Rats enjoy privacy and require a “hide box” for security.
• Cage temperature should be 65-70°F (18-27°C); 72°F (22°C) is ideal.
• Humidity should be 30-70%.
• Environmental enrichment is important.  Rats enjoy tearing up paper or cardboard for nesting material, and they will burrow if given the opportunity.
• Provide an exercise wheel with a solid running surface to avoid foot injuries
• Aspen shavings or recycled newspaper bedding are recommended.  Pine and cedar should be avoided.
• Sipper bottle with fresh water should be available at all times
• Water should be available 24 hours a day and is usually provided in sipper tubes.  Inspect daily for any signs of blockage or food obstructing the opening.

Preventive Care

• Routine physical examination every 6 to 12 months
  • Consult a veterinarian with experience treating exotic pets if you have any questions or concerns about your hedgehog’s health.
• Annual fecal examination for parasites
• Spaying female rats will prevent mammary gland tumors (very common)
• Blood tests as recommended by your veterinarian

Common Medical Disorders

• Respiratory infections (Mycoplasma, other bacteria, and viruses)
• Incisors malocclusion
• Head tilt (pituitary tumor, inner-ear infection)
• Obesity
• Chronic renal disease
• Salivary gland inflammation
• Ectoparasites (mites and lice)
• Mammary gland tumors occur in a high percentage of unspayed females